Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education

• Agustin, M., Pratama, Y. A., Sopandi, W., & Rosidah, I. (2021). Pengaruh model pembelajaran RADEC terhadap keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi mahasiswa PGSD [The effect of the RADEC learning model on preservice elementary teachers’ higher-order thinking skills]. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendas, 7(1), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.31949/jcp.v7i1.2672
• Alanazi, A. A., Osman, K., & Halim, L. (2024). Effect of scaffolding strategies and guided discovery on higher-order thinking skills in physics education. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 20(9), Article em2496. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/14980
• Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.
• Andini, S. R., & Fitria, Y. (2021). Pengaruh model RADEC pada pembelajaran tematik terhadap hasil belajar peserta didik sekolah dasar [The effect of the RADEC model in thematic learning on elementary students’ learning outcomes]. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(3), 1435-1443. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i3.960
• Anggraeni, P., Sopandi, W., Septinaningrum, S., Hayati, A., Tursinawati, T., & Gumala, Y. (2021). Keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa PGSD melalui pembelajaran read-answer-discuss-explain-and-create (RADEC) yang berorientasi penyelidikan [Preservice elementary teachers’ critical-thinking skills through inquiry-oriented RADEC learning]. Caruban: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan Dasar, 4(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.33603/cjiipd.v4i1.4398
• Appleby, L., Caspari-Gnann, I., Gouvea, J., Hammer, D., & Tobin, R. (2025). Instructor listening during lecture: A case from introductory chemistry. Journal of College Science Teaching, 54(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/0047231X.2024.2398384
• Argaw, A. S., Haile, B. B., Ayalew, B. T., & Kuma, S. G. (2017). The effect of problem based learning (PBL) instruction on students’ motivation and problem solving skills of physics. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(3), 857-871. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00647a
• Arifin, Z., Sukarmin, Saputro, S., & Kamari, A. (2025). The effect of inquiry-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills in science education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(3), Article em2592. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/15988
• Aydın, N., & Yılmaz, A. (2010). The effect of the constructivist approach on students’ higher-order cognitive skills. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 39, 57-68.
• Budiarti, M. I. E., Kahar, M. S., & Jotlely, E. M. (2024). Analisis kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal pemecahan masalah matematika pada mata kuliah kalkulus peubah banyak [Analysis of students’ higher-order thinking skills in solving mathematics problem-solving tasks in multivariable calculus]. Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Pembelajaran, 4(2), 1216-1229. https://doi.org/10.51574/jrip.v4i2.1599
• Cholily, Y. M., Eriyanti, R. W., & Masduki, M. (2022). Meningkatkan kreativitas guru dalam inovasi pembelajaran berbasis HOTS untuk mengembangkan berpikir kritis dan kreatif siswa [Enhancing teacher creativity in HOTS-based instructional innovation to develop students’ critical and creative thinking]. To Maega: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(3), 416-428. https://doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v5i3.1176
• Dahliana, D., & Tirtoni, F. (2025). Penerapan model RADEC untuk meningkatkan literasi budaya dan kewarganegaraan siswa melalui pembelajaran pendidikan Pancasila di sekolah dasar [Applying the RADEC model to improve elementary students’ cultural and civic literacy in Pancasila education]. Edukasiana: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, 4(3), 784-792. https://doi.org/10.56916/ejip.v4i3.1192
• Din, C., & MacInnis, M. (2024). Reworking the recipe: Adding inquiry and reflection to college science labs. Journal of College Science Teaching, 53(5), 486-490. https://doi.org/10.1080/0047231X.2024.2381418
• Diputera, A. M., Zulpan, & Eza, G. N. (2024). Memahami konsep pendekatan deep learning dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini yang meaningful, mindful, dan joyful: Kajian melalui filsafat pendidikan [Understanding the deep learning approach in early-childhood learning through meaningful, mindful, and joyful principles: A philosophy-of-education review]. Jurnal Bunga Rampai Usia Emas, 10(2), 108-120. https://doi.org/10.24114/jbrue.v10i2.65978
• Fandos-Herrera, C., Herrando, C., Jiménez Martínez, J., & Pina, J. M. (2023). Discuss to learn: A student-focused learning strategy. Education + Training, 65(5), 697-710. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2022-0049
• Fauziana, Kastri Fani, & Rahmiaty. (2021). Analisis kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS pada pelajaran IPA [Analysis of students’ ability to solve HOTS questions in science]. Genderang Asa: Journal of Primary Education, 2(2), 66-75. https://doi.org/10.47766/ga.v2i2.165
• García-Ruiz, C., Lupión-Cobos, T., & Blanco-López, Á. (2022). Effects of an inquiry-based science education training program on pre-service teachers: A mixed-methods case study. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 18(12), Article em2186. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12578
• Gunawardena, M., & Wilson, K. (2021). Scaffolding students’ critical thinking: A process not an end game. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 41, Article 100848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2021.100848
• Hayati, N., Kadarohman, A., Sopandi, W., Martoprawiro, M. A., & Pratiwi, A. (2023). The effect of the RADEC model on conceptual understanding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) topic. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 31(4), 1649-1667. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.31.4.15
• Iwanda, N. C., Malika, H. N., & Aqshadigrama, M. (2022). RADEC sebagai inovasi model pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam pasca pandemi COVID-19 di sekolah dasar [RADEC as an instructional innovation for Islamic religious education in elementary schools after the COVID-19 pandemic]. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(24), 430-440. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7494585
• Jin, G., Wodika, A., Darner, R., & Lai, J. (2023). Fostering scientific literacy with problem sets that generate cognitive presence and fulfill basic psychological needs. Journal of College Science Teaching, 52(7), 85-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/0047231X.2023.12315883
• Kara, S., & Aslan, O. (2024). Evaluation of the effect of in-class activity-based practices on scientific reasoning skills of pre-service science teachers. International Journal of Science Education, 46(8), 773-794. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2023.2258253
• Kemendikdasmen. (2025). Naskah akademik pembelajaran mendalam menuju pendidikan bermutu untuk semua [Academic paper on deep learning toward quality education for all]. Pusat Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran.
• Kurniawan, A., Juliangkary, E., Pratama, M. Y., & Saputra, I. (2019). Analisis kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal fungsi [Analysis of student difficulties in solving function problems]. Media Pendidikan Matematika, 7(1), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.33394/mpm.v7i1.1679
• Lailiyati, & Afandi, M. (2026). Penerapan model pembelajaran RADEC terintegrasi deep learning materi peta kelas V terhadap pemahaman konsep ditinjau dari motivasi belajar [Applying a deep learning-integrated RADEC model on grade-V map material to concept understanding, viewed from learning motivation]. Pendas: Jurnah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11(1), 78-91.
• Magfirah, Imran, M. E., & Amal, A. (2024). Pengaruh model RADEC (read, answer, discuss, explain, and create) terhadap kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi [The effect of the RADEC model on higher-order thinking ability]. Jurnal Riset Guru Indonesia, 3(3), 139-148. https://doi.org/10.62388/jrgi.v3i3.454
• Manalu, A., Simamora, A., Purba, I. D., & Sinaga, N. (2026). The effectiveness of problem-based learning model on understanding concepts and science process skills as implementation of the independent curriculum. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 4(2), 633-641. https://doi.org/10.58540/isihumor.v4i2.1679
• Mualimin, M., & Pamungkas, R. (2024). Holistic higher-order thinking in solving environmental problems: A profile of Indonesian undergraduate students. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia, 10(3), 804-812. https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v10i3.36426
• Mustaghfirin, U. A., & Zaman, B. (2025). Tinjauan pendekatan pembelajaran mendalam Kemendikdasmen perspektif pendidikan Islam [A review of the Ministry’s deep-learning approach from an Islamic education perspective]. Journal of Instructional and Development Researches, 5(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.53621/jider.v5i1.476
• Mutmainnah, N., Adrias, & Zulkarnaini, A. P. (2025). Implementasi pendekatan deep learning terhadap pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar [Implementing the deep learning approach in elementary mathematics learning]. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1), 858-871.
• Noor, P. P., & Abadi, A. P. (2022). Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi dalam perkembangan pembelajaran matematika SMA [Higher-order thinking ability in the development of senior-secondary mathematics learning]. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 8(2), 466-473. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v8i2.1986
• Nurdiana, H., & Pradana, S. P. (2025). Efektivitas penerapan pendekatan deep learning untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar kognitif peserta didik pada pembelajaran IPA kelas VIII SMP Pandanaran Plupuh [Effectiveness of the deep learning approach in improving grade-VIII students’ cognitive science learning outcomes]. In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Science Education (pp. 46-53).
• Patimah, L., & Widianjani, W. (2022). Pengaruh media pembelajaran dengan menggunakan aplikasi Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah matematika diskrit [The effect of Quizizz-based instructional media on student learning outcomes in discrete mathematics]. Symmetry: Pasundan Journal of Research in Mathematics Learning and Education, 7(2), 259-264. https://doi.org/10.23969/symmetry.v7i2.6629
• Piaget, J. (1970). Genetic epistemology. Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/piag91272
• Pramasdyahsari, A. S., Setyawati, R. D., Aini, S. N., Nusuki, U., Arum, J. P., Astutik, I. D., Widodo, W., Zuliah, N., & Salmah, U. (2023). Fostering students’ mathematical critical thinking skills on number patterns through digital book STEM PjBL. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(7), Article em2297. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13342
• Rahayu, A. H., Sopandi, W., Anggraeni, P., Tursinawati, T., & Septinaningrum, S. (2021). Keterampilan berpikir kritis mahasiswa PGSD melalui pembelajaran read-answer-discuss-explain-and-create (RADEC) yang berorientasi penyelidikan [Preservice elementary teachers’ critical-thinking skills through inquiry-oriented RADEC learning]. Caruban: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan Dasar, 4(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.33603/cjiipd.v4i1.4398
• Renaud, R. (2002). The effect of higher order questions on critical thinking skills [PhD thesis, The University of Western Ontario].
• Resendes, K. (2022). A model for a data analysis- and literature-intensive undergraduate course. Journal of College Science Teaching, 51(5), 42-54. https://doi.org/10.1080/0047231X.2022.12290580
• Santrock, J. W. (2011). Educational psychology (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
• Setyawarno, D., & Kurniawati, A. (2022). Science learning oriented to higher order thinking in digital era. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2600(1), Article 070003. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0112450
• Sopandi, W., Atep, S., Rendi, R. S., Sutinah, C., Yanuar, Y., & Imran, M. E. (2023). Model pembelajaran RADEC: Teori dan implementasi di sekolah [The RADEC learning model: Theory and implementation in schools]. UPI Press.
• Suar Adnyana, I. K. (2024). Implementasi pendekatan deep learning dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia [Implementation of the deep learning approach in Indonesian language learning]. Jurnal Retorika, 5(2), 1-14.
• Suryana, N., Sopandi, W., Budimansyah, D., & Ruyadi, Y. (2025). Character transformation through the implementation of the RADEC learning model at the elementary school level. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam dan Multikulturalisme, 7(1), 875-888. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v7i1.7268
• Tahim Bael, B., Nachiappan, S., & Pungut, M. (2021). Analisis kesediaan guru dalam pelaksanaan kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam pembelajaran, pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan abad ke-21 [Analysis of teacher readiness in implementing higher-order thinking skills in 21st-century teaching and learning]. Muallim Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 5(1), 100-119. https://doi.org/10.33306/mjssh/115
• Thahir, R., Magfirah, N., & Anisa. (2021). Hubungan antara high order thinking skills dan kemampuan literasi sains mahasiswa pendidikan biologi [The relationship between higher-order thinking skills and science-literacy ability among biology-education students]. Biodik, 7(3), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.22437/bio.v7i3.14386
• Tulljanah, R., & Amini, R. (2021). Model pembelajaran RADEC sebagai alternatif dalam meningkatkan higher order thinking skill pada pembelajaran IPA di sekolah dasar: Systematic review [The RADEC learning model as an alternative for improving higher-order thinking skill in elementary science learning: A systematic review]. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(6), 5508-5519. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i6.1680
• Velazquez-Ulloa, N., & Finkel, L. (2025). Assessing the impact of an undergraduate biology course for non-majors on students’ scientific literacy, perceptions of science, and confidence in their ability to engage in scientific inquiry. Journal of College Science Teaching, 54(2), 100-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/0047231X.2024.2401725
• Virliana, A. I., & Fauziah, L. S. N. (2025). Pengaruh pembelajaran kolaboratif untuk meningkatkan cara berpikir kritis [The effect of collaborative learning on improving critical thinking]. Jurnal Jendela Pendidikan, 5(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.57008/jjp.v5i01.1070
• Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
• Wardhani, D. A. P., & Oktiningrum, W. (2022). Meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa melalui pengembangan soal matematika dengan konteks COVID-19 [Improving students’ critical-thinking ability through COVID-19-contextualized mathematics problems]. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(1), 69-79. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v11i1.4377
• Widodo, S., Ladyani, F., Asrianto, L. O., Rusdi, & Lestari, S. M. P. (2023). Buku ajar metode penelitian [Research methods textbook]. Science Techno Direct.
• Widyaningrum, P., Hendiyani, H., & Imamah. (2025). Pengembangan model pembelajaran mendalam (deep learning) untuk meningkatkan berpikir kritis pada anak usia 5-6 tahun: Studi deskriptif [Developing a deep-learning model to improve critical thinking in children aged 5-6: A descriptive study]. Jurnal Anak Bangsa, 3(1), 160-178. https://doi.org/10.46306/jas.v1i1
• Yulianto, D., Junaedi, Y., Juniawan, E. A., & Anwar, S. (2024). Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa SMP melalui pendekatan matematika realistik dengan model PBL dan CTL berbasis project-based learning pada penyelesaian soal AKM di kabupaten lebak banten [Junior-secondary students’ higher-order thinking through a realistic mathematics approach combining PBL and CTL project-based learning]. Teorema: Teori dan Riset Matematika, 9(1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.25157/teorema.v9i1.13457
• Zainuddin, A. H., Nazimuddin Al Kamil, M., & Japar, R. (2026). Penerapan pembelajaran mendalam (deep learning) di sekolah dasar: Studi literatur [Implementing deep learning in elementary schools: A literature study]. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 11(1), 20-32.
• Zhou, Y., Gan, L., Chen, J., Wijaya, T. T., & Li, Y. (2023). Development and validation of a higher-order thinking skills assessment scale for pre-service teachers. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 48, Article 101272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101272
• Zoller, U. (2000). Interdisciplinary systemic HOCS development—The key for meaningful STES-oriented chemical education. Chemistry Education: Research and Practice in Europe, 1(2), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1039/A9RP90021G
• Zoller, U., Dori, Y. J., & Lubezky, A. (2002). Algorithmic, LOCS and HOCS (chemistry) exam questions: Performance and attitudes of college students. International Journal of Science Education, 24(2), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690110049060

APA

Atmojo, I. R. W., Rahmadhani, A. A., Matsuri, Ardiansyah, R., Saputri, D. Y., & Adi, F. P. (2026). A deep learning-integrated RADEC model for higher-order thinking in preservice elementary teachers’ environmental science learning. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 22(11), em2954. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/19678

Vancouver

Atmojo IRW, Rahmadhani AA, Matsuri, Ardiansyah R, Saputri DY, Adi FP. A deep learning-integrated RADEC model for higher-order thinking in preservice elementary teachers’ environmental science learning. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed. 2026;22(11):em2954. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/19678

AMA

Atmojo IRW, Rahmadhani AA, Matsuri, Ardiansyah R, Saputri DY, Adi FP. A deep learning-integrated RADEC model for higher-order thinking in preservice elementary teachers’ environmental science learning. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed. 2026;22(11), em2954. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/19678

Chicago

Atmojo, Idam Ragil Widianto, Ananda Ayu Rahmadhani, Matsuri, Roy Ardiansyah, Dwi Yuniasih Saputri, and Fadhil Purnama Adi. "A deep learning-integrated RADEC model for higher-order thinking in preservice elementary teachers’ environmental science learning". Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 2026 22 no. 11 (2026): em2954. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/19678

Harvard

Atmojo, I. R. W., Rahmadhani, A. A., Matsuri, Ardiansyah, R., Saputri, D. Y., and Adi, F. P. (2026). A deep learning-integrated RADEC model for higher-order thinking in preservice elementary teachers’ environmental science learning. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 22(11), em2954. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/19678

MLA

Atmojo, Idam Ragil Widianto et al. "A deep learning-integrated RADEC model for higher-order thinking in preservice elementary teachers’ environmental science learning". Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, vol. 22, no. 11, 2026, em2954. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/19678