Teachers’ STEAM competencies for the 21st century: A systematic review
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1 Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, MALAYSIA2 Faculty of Education, Languages, Psychology & Music, SEGi University, Selangor, MALAYSIA* Corresponding Author
Abstract
The present study conducts a systematic review of teachers’ STEM/STEAM competencies. Following PRISMA guidelines, 28 peer-reviewed studies were retrieved from Web of Science, ERIC, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The review synthesizes major competency domains and sub-dimensions, examines existing competency frameworks, and analyzes the geographic distribution of related research. The findings reveal a strong emphasis on competency classification but show limited empirical validation of existing models and frameworks. Furthermore, this review also identifies insufficient elaboration of arts-related competencies and significant regional imbalances, with most studies concentrated in East and Southeast Asia. Three major gaps emerged: the underrepresentation of arts-related competencies, the limited availability of validated competency models, and uneven regional representation. Existing frameworks frequently combine aesthetic literacy, creative instructional design, and arts-integrated pedagogical practice into a single category. Consequently, professional development programs often emphasize generalized creativity training while neglecting disciplinary arts knowledge and pedagogical practices essential for authentic STEAM integration.
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Article Type: Literature Review
EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed, Volume 22, Issue 7, July 2026, Article No: em2868
https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/18868
Publication date: 29 Jun 2026
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How to cite this article
APA
Jingwen, C., Hidayat, R., & @ Zulkifli, M. Z. B. H. (2026). Teachers’ STEAM competencies for the 21st century: A systematic review. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 22(7), em2868. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/18868
Vancouver
Jingwen C, Hidayat R, @ Zulkifli MZBH. Teachers’ STEAM competencies for the 21st century: A systematic review. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed. 2026;22(7):em2868. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/18868
AMA
Jingwen C, Hidayat R, @ Zulkifli MZBH. Teachers’ STEAM competencies for the 21st century: A systematic review. EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed. 2026;22(7), em2868. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/18868
Chicago
Jingwen, Cheng, Riyan Hidayat, and Muhammad Zarif bin Hassan @ Zulkifli. "Teachers’ STEAM competencies for the 21st century: A systematic review". Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 2026 22 no. 7 (2026): em2868. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/18868
Harvard
Jingwen, C., Hidayat, R., and @ Zulkifli, M. Z. B. H. (2026). Teachers’ STEAM competencies for the 21st century: A systematic review. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 22(7), em2868. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/18868
MLA
Jingwen, Cheng et al. "Teachers’ STEAM competencies for the 21st century: A systematic review". Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, vol. 22, no. 7, 2026, em2868. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/18868