Perceptions and challenges in digital chemistry instruction: Student and instructor experiences with virtual laboratories
Hiwot Bazie Bewota 1 * , Bekele Lemma 1 , Anteneh Wasyhun 2 , Ashebir Bezabih 2
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1 Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, ETHIOPIA2 Department of Educational Leadership and Management, College of Education, Hawassa University, Hawassa, ETHIOPIA* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Virtual laboratories (VLs) provide an effective solution for chemistry education, particularly where limited resources restrict hands-on instruction. This study examined the perceptions and challenges of virtual laboratories among 63 instructors and 143 undergraduate students in universities in Southern Ethiopia. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was used. Quantitative data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Cohen’s kappa (κ), while qualitative insights were obtained from interviews with 20 instructors. Participants generally agreed on the overall effectiveness of VLs in practical chemistry. They reported that VLs enhance academic performance (mean [M] = 3.8), improve skills development (M = 3.8), and promote flexibility and accessibility (M = 3.9). In interviews, instructors highlighted their usefulness in visualizing abstract concepts, such as molecular interactions. Reported challenges included limited technical skills (κ = 0.63), high software costs (κ = 0.61), weak conceptual clarity to perform VL (κ = 0.61), and lack of engaging software in available computers (κ = 0.51). Recommendations include improving infrastructure, providing training, and integrating hybrid laboratory approaches.

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

EURASIA J Math Sci Tech Ed, Volume 22, Issue 1, January 2026, Article No: em2756

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/17565

Publication date: 01 Jan 2026

Online publication date: 17 Dec 2025

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